📕💥⭐ WHAT ARE COMMON SHARES 📕💥⭐

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Common stocks are assets that reflect persons’ ownership in a firm as well as their rights to the company’s revenues. People with such share options can vote for the corporation’s board of directors as well as vote on corporate policy. In general, common shares are believed to provide strong long-term returns. Dividends are given to common shareholders after the accruing earnings have been distributed to preferred stockholders.

In the case of a going bankrupt, lenders, preferred shareholders, and bondholders are anticipated to get paid first, followed by those who have contributed to a corporation’s common share. They are most certain to obtain the leftover assets once everyone else has been compensated. These equities are sold on the market via an initial public offering or IPO.

📍Common Shares can be demonstrated as:

No. of outstanding stocks = No. of issued stocks – Treasury Shares

📍Identifying Common Shares

A common share is a leftover claim on a company’s current and projected earnings. As a result, stockholders are considered part-owners of a corporation. This doesn’t imply that stockholders can stroll into a firm’s headquarters and take ownership of certain seats, offices, or equipment. These are the property of the firm, which is a legal construct. This leftover claim is rather owned by the shareholders. Investors and dealers can buy and sell common shares through broker exchanges. Common stockholders can be eligible to earn dividends.

The Dutch East India Company issued the very first common share in 1602 and listed it on the Amsterdam Stock Market. Within the next four centuries or so, equity markets sprung up throughout the world, with hundreds of thousands of firms listed on major stock markets like the LSE and the TSE, among many others.

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📍What is the purpose of issuing common stock?
Common shares are generally used as alternatives to issuing debt bonds or offering preference shares. The basic motive for issuing common shares is to raise funds.
The funds thus raised can be utilized for a variety of objectives, including:

1. Growth
2. Purchase of a prospective firm
3. Debt repayment
4. Establishment of cash reserves for future usage

The market’s issuance of more common shares generally reduces the holding power of pre-existing shareholders. This is why business owners are frequently hesitant and examine the merits and downsides of share issuing before taking a final decision.

📍Features of common shares:

Common shares provide specific privileges to their stockholders. People who invested in these shares have the following rights.

1. Rights to dividends
2. You are entitled to acquire residual holdings on the occasion of insolvency.
3. The ability to choose the board of directors.
4. Common shares help investors to make a profit in 2 ways: investment returns and dividend payments. When the firm’s share price rises, shareholders are more likely to achieve bigger investment returns. Likewise, if the corporation is left with significant income after deducting maintenance costs and other liabilities, it can distribute dividends to its shareholders.

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What do you know about Commodity? Do you know its importance in trading?

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Let’s have a closer look at what commodities are first.

Commodities are goods like gold, wheat, grains, edible oil, and natural gas. A commodity is a basic good that is used in commerce and may be traded for other things of equal value.

Commodities, unlike consumer products such as electronics, scarcely change across producers. This implies that commodities of the same value are convertible or fungible.

=> Types of commodities
Most commodities may be broken down into three types: agricultural, energy, and metals.

#1 Agricultural commodities

These include the things you consume:

Soft Consumables: Juice, coffee, tea, spices, sugar.
Grains: rice, wheat, soybeans, corn, spices, and oats.
Livestock: chicken, pork, and beef
Manufacturing: cotton, silk, and lumber.

#2 Energy commodities

Energy commodities like oil, gasoline, natural gas, heating oil, and coal are traded as commodities. The commodity trade has a significant role in influencing oil prices.

#3 Metal commodities

We all know metals as precious metals like silver, gold, platinum, and copper are traded as commodities. The London Metal Exchange confirmed the debut of futures contracts for metals used in battery manufacturing. The exchange anticipates a large opportunity for such metals as the appetite for electric vehicles increases.

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=> How does a commodity work?

A futures market connects commodity sellers and purchasers. Both sides arrange a payment contract and a fixed delivery date for the supply. An agreement is drafted outlining the price and anticipated delivery time. Both the payment and the goods are swapped at the agreed-upon timeframe.

=> How are commodity prices fixed?

Commodity prices are influenced by supply and demand. Commodity values, in particular, start to grow when investors anticipate inflation. This is because commodities are often seen as a way to protect one’s portfolio against inflation.

For example, a thriving economy may raise the consumption of lumber. Lumber’s price will climb if supply doesn’t keep up with demand. When there’s too much lumber but not sufficient demand, the reverse can occur.

=> Why do commodity prices fluctuate?

Commodity values fluctuate due to market fluctuations. A general rule is that commodity prices will decline if demand falls or there is a surplus of supply. If there is a surge in need or a drop in supply, commodity prices rise.

An example of a commodity market
A typical instance of commodity trading is when a producer wishes to sell his wheat. The producer is concerned about making a profit, particularly if wheat prices fall by the period the crop is harvested. As a result, a commodity contract is drafted, so the farmer may sell to the purchaser at a rate both parties agree on.

Other examples are companies that wish to guarantee that their production costs are reasonably predictable. It can negotiate a future contract with any supplier at the current pricing. With this approach, the corporation may avoid having growing prices cut into its profitability.

Conclusion
With tangible items, you can trade with other countries. People need to trade to meet the market’s needs and keep the economy flowing and thriving.

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💥⭐ COLD CALLS 💥⭐

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Cold calling is making an uninvited visit or phone call to (someone) to offer them services or goods. You can go through the below-written segments to gather more information about your concern.

=> Example of cold calling

A sales professional will utilize cold calling. It is a form of prospect outreach to contact a possible customer who hasn’t already been in touch with them to close a deal on a good or service.

It is an older lead generation method that has been somewhat disregarded in favor of other, more widely used methods of generating fresh leads. However, cold calling and interpersonal communication abilities are more crucial than ever because of the return of interest in remote sales.

=> Tips for cold calling:

You can use some suggestions to improve your chances of success. These will help you to create a cold calling script and the crucial steps of a cold call.

📍Before the call, warm-up
📍Warming up potential clients before making a phone call
📍You can warm up your prospect before making a cold call to them.
📍Start by contacting your prospects through several means. For instance, send them a cold email or connect with them on LinkedIn to set the stage for the impending conversation. Then, use an introduction email to spark interest and a phone call to seal the deal.

For improved outcomes, combine a channel outreach plan with a multi-touch strategy.

📍Don’t be a robot
📍Not being a robot when cold-calling
📍Before making the call, do as much investigation about the prospect. For example, you can use a prospect’s social media post to demonstrate your sincere interest in getting to know them.

Moreover, support them as they pursue their objectives. Avoid making this cold call for you or another sales call for them that day.

📍Asking questions when cold calling

Your prospect is more likely to collaborate when they are at ease and not feeling scrutinized. On the other hand, avoid giving the impression that you are a detective. Also, keep your prospects to yourself when being interrogated while being restrained to a chair.

Second, refrain from pitching excessively. The potential customers must believe they are participating in a discussion and not just listening to a sales speech. Get detailed, pertinent information by asking open-ended inquiries.

📍To have a two-sided conversation, establish rapport

The key to developing trusting relationships with your customers is developing rapport. People like to conduct business with those they trust and like.

Therefore, if you, as a sales representative, are only concerned with advancing your agenda or reaching your quota. You might give up a chance to gain their confidence.

Your relationship requires more than just making your numbers when you work in a field where your mission is to help your clients achieve their goals and objectives.

📍When to call – What is the best time for cold calling?

When you are cold calling somebody, it’s not simply whoever you call and even what you say that matters. Based on the target market, you may need to test to determine the ideal time to make cold calls.

Conclusion
In conclusion, if done correctly, cold calling can be a successful sales strategy. First and foremost, you’ll need reliable information and the relevant clients to target for a productive call. Then, you’ll engage them in discussion while asking various questions to swiftly satisfy their wants and address the main topics of interest.

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📍📕🎯What is the close now/early out feature in binary options trading📍📕🎯

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Trading Binary Options require adequate research that you can rely on to make decisions when trading. Traders that trade news and other financial events follow what is going on in the industry and analyze these situations before making any trades. At times the traders’ analysis and research may not suffice, and the open trades become losses. It can be a massive loss, especially for traders who staked higher investments on an option. Fortunately, there is a trading feature that traders use to exit a losing trade before it expires.

📍What is the close now / early out feature?

It is a trading feature that traders use to exit a trade if the market moves against a trader before the trade expires. The close or Early Out feature has a similar function, and traders can close a trade prematurely depending on various reasons of the trader.

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Traders who trade binary options apply this tool as a trading strategy to limit losses which means it works like a risk management tool. It allows traders to take losses or profit if the trade is in the money before it expires.

📍When can you use the close now / early out feature?

It is applicable for traders who had traded for a long time, such as one-hour or thirty minutes trades. If the open position is profitable, they can use the close now feature to take the profits. It enables them to take profits before the open position expires if it was in the money long before expiration.

It is also applicable when the trade is losing or is moving against your predictions, and the trader decides to cut losses and exit early. It can save the trader from wiping out their balance and placing another trade instead of watching the losing trade.

Some traders have other reasons to exit a trade early, such as if they see a better trading opportunity. They close the open position and open another one. There are other reasons investors use this feature which works differently for traders.

📍Advantages of the close now/ early out feature

It saves the trader from losses if the market moves against the trade.
Traders can take profits made early instead of waiting for the trade to complete.
It is effective if the trader changes their mind after placing a trade.

📍Disadvantages of the close now/ early out feature

It can also cut the profits if the trader uses it prematurely.
It is unavailable in some binary trading brokers.
It is not accessible for traders with shorter expiry trades such as thirty seconds or one-minute trades.

📍Conclusion – The early out feature is useful in some cases

The Closeout or Early Out feature is a crucial tool for traders when they want to trade Binary Options. Traders must understand the best time to utilize this feature to avoid making mistakes.

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📕📗📘 CHART TYPES IN TECHNICAL ANALYSIS 📕📗📘

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Technical analysis is a major part of the trading process for an investor, which includes studying the chart types to understand the changes in the stock’s prices over time. However, there are so many kinds of charts that you can choose from to go through technical analysis. However, understanding the stock prices is even tougher than the rest. Let’s see what these chart types are and how they help traders conduct technical analysis.

📘Types of charts used for technical analysis

Technical analysis is pretty important for getting the correct price, which you can do by plotting the trend on the chart thanks to stock prices.

Several types of charts that we’ll discuss are as follows:

1. Line chart
The most basic type of chart is the line chart which is represented by an x-axis and a y-axis. This chart type provides trading volume information along with the stock price. While the stock price can be denoted on the x-axis, the prices can be denoted on the y-axis, and the movement can be understood by their movement. However, you cannot determine the price volatility through this type of chart since we cannot understand it with simply the trading volume.

2. Bar chart
Moving along with the bar chart, it is like a line chart but better and more informative than the predecessor. The markings on the bar chart are in the shape of a line vertically made with two lines protruding horizontally through it. The marks on the bar chart denote four things which are high, open, low, or close. It is better than the line chart since it denotes the volatile nature of prices along with the actual prices. Intraday charts are those that represent the whole day’s charting process which can be useful for technical analysis.

3. Candlestick chart
Candlestick chart is no different from a bar chart except that it is more efficient than others. It is made with rectangular blocks that have lines coming out of them where the upper line denotes the highest price of trading while the lower denotes the lowest price. A trader can understand the volatility of the market that moves through each day. It also denotes the high, low, opening, and closing prices on the candlestick. If you want to learn more about candlesticks, consider the definition & examples of a candlestick.

4. Point and Figure chart
This is the oldest type of chart and was used when there were no computers and all analysis was done manually. However, people hardly use this chart type anymore since it requires so much effort and is difficult to understand. A point and figure chart basically display the volatile nature of the stock prices through different periods of time. It is charted over an X and Y-axis.

A stock chart uses two axes to plot two different values and then compare them to conduct technical analysis for trading. This is the reason why traders need chart and chart types to decipher the usefulness of the price trends and how they will affect their trade too.

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📍Chicago Mercantile Exchange? CME GROUP

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The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), often referred to as the Chicago Merc, is an organized exchange for investing in futures and contracts. The CME offers futures and, in most circumstances, options in agricultural, oil, stock indexes, FOREX, interest rates, commodities, property investment, and even weather.

CME was initially known as the Chicago Butter and Egg Board as a non-profit organization and was known to trade farming items like wheat and corn.

In the mid-1970s, the CME launched financial futures, which were soon followed by rare metals, bonds, as well as other securities. The Chicago Mercantile Market (CME) is the major futures market in the USA and the world’s 2nd biggest for exchanging derivatives and contracts on futures.

Established in 1898 as a non-profit company, CME was also the only U.S. financial exchange to demutualize and be a stockholder-owned business in November 2000. Its derivatives and contracts on futures are traded on the CME’s trading platforms, on the GLOBEX digital trading system, and in confidentially brokered deals.

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CME has 4 key products premised on fixed incomes (such as EUR/USD futures, the globe’s most widely exchanged futures market), equity indexes like the (S&P 500 and 100 futures from the NASDAQ), FOREX and commodity markets.

=>History of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)

The CME began as the Chicago Butter and Egg Board, a non-profit organization, in 1898. The company was renamed the Chicago Mercantile Exchange in 1919. C.E. McNeil, S.E. Davis, and O.W. Olson were among the initial developers. Three futures were exchanged on the opening day of operations as the CME, and a maximum of eight were transacted throughout the week.

Following World War I, civilian involvement in markets became legalized. Even though the CME professes to have “invented” futures in numerous promotional collateral, the presently International Commerce Exchange, established in 1970 by associates of the New York Produce Exchange (with whom it eventually merged) and based in New York, was the very first platform to make a deal of futures contracts, commencing on April 23, 1970, 2 years before actually the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. CME became a publicly listed corporation in December 2002.

Shareholders who purchased the firm’s publicly listed Category A stocks at the IPO price received approximately earnings of nearly 3,000%, compared to approximately 340% for the relatively broad equity market. However, they did not receive 100% of CME director chairs – 6 of the 20 CME directors have been voted into office by Class B new shares to shareholders of CME chairs when the exchange transformed from a member-owned organization to a corporate entity in 2000. CME proposed Class B shareholders $10 million in August 2018 in exchange for handing over ownership of 6 board positions as part of a restructuring of the management board.

The exchange claimed in October 2006 that CME and its cross-town competitor, the Chicago Board of Trade, planned to merge, which was completed in July 2007. CME Group is a consolidated company. The CME Group paid $8.9 bn for the New York Mercantile Exchange in March 2008.

The CME made attempts to regulate the market in late 2019 with unrestrained algorithms that led data volumes to skyrocket at the exchange. This volume primarily comprised of computerized messaging displaying fluctuations in quotations to purchase or sell EUR/USD futures.

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💱💥🎯What is a chargeback?💱💥🎯

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Chargebacks are very significant for the protection of public confidence, especially in payment transactions. It increases the security of customers in debit and credit card payments. Especially when the consumers have to deal with online transactions, chargebacks might be applicable. Specifically, suppose a customer can make a dispute complaint against a purchased product on the account statement or the transaction reports. In that case, he or she will obtain a returned payment to the cards. These returned charges are known as chargebacks. However, the chargebacks can be a headache for the merchants.

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=> Definition of a chargeback
Chargeback simply means that the bank will charge back the amount of the disputed transaction from the merchant. The bank will repay the money to the cardholders without any approval from merchants.

Banks review the transactions while a cardholder raises a disputed charge. If the dispute reason is to some extent valid, the bank provides a provisional credit to the accounts of customers after the chargeback claim is solved.

The merchants pay for the dispute claims. The cardholders initiate chargebacks which the banks assess. Therefore, a single chargeback might take some months to a year for completion.

Often banks also file chargebacks for authorization or any processing errors, but most of the chargebacks occur with a customer’s complaint. In most cases, the consumers think of a fraudulent charge that has occurred to the accounts. Usually, customers assume that they did not get the proper product as per the price. On the other hand, merchants refuse to work on these kinds of subjective complaints to resolve disputes.

📍Example

Once the process of chargebacks initiates, it goes back and forth among the customers and merchants until one of the parties accepts the liability or the card network finds the reason for the dispute and declares it as a resolved case.

There are three types of chargebacks such as true or criminal, friendly fraud, and merchant errors. Every kind of chargeback could occur due to different circumstances, and each of them needs to be handled in different ways.

1. True fraud chargebacks
These chargebacks are unauthorized charges against a card (credit) by an identity thief or scammer. Therefore, in those cases, merchants are strongly advised not to dispute the chargebacks to waste time and resources.

2. Friendly fraud chargebacks
When customers raise a dispute or report reasonable charges as fraudulent for getting a reversed pay, the friendly fraud chargebacks occur. Sometimes they do it consciously with criminal or malicious intentions, but in many cases, they claim the charge due to a lack of knowledge and patience. Therefore, true frauds are often misinterpreted as friendly frauds or vice versa.

3. Merchant error chargebacks
This chargeback occurs when a merchant makes an error while delivering the products or services. The errors include shipping or wrong products, errors in the quality of products, and others. Merchant error chargebacks can be prevented by developing better quality business operations such as helpful customer services, easily available support services, or even a proper refund policy.

Many people messed up the idea of chargebacks with refunds, but these two are very different. A cardholder contacts banks to issue or force a reversal of the transaction. On the other hand, in refunds, a customer asks the merchant first, and the latter will initiate the process.

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🎪What is the CFTC regulation?🎪

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Many people have joined binary options trading to invest their money, and others to look for opportunities to make more money. It is happening in most countries worldwide, including the United States. Many trading brokers have started to take advantage of traders. There are also trading brokers that have come up and used fraudulent means to profit from unknowing traders. It is why countries have regulatory authorities to limit the activities of brokers. The US has the CFTC, which is a regulatory institution for securities and investments.

=> What is the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) regulation?

It is a government organization in charge of regulating the derivatives markets in the US. It allows the financial market to remain safe and traders have a fair environment trading. Derivative markets regulated by CFTC include futures, swaps, and options.
It works by ensuring they regulate trading brokers offering derivatives. It also regulates market participants dealing in derivatives and any third-party operators within the United States.

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=> History of CFTC:
The CFTC was created in 1974 when congress passed the CFTC act. In 1975, the first members were selected, and its first chairman. It has been in the market for 100 years, with the first account in 1920 when it regulated trading futures in agricultural commodities.

In 1936, the Commodities Exchange Act gave the CFTC the guidelines for operating. After this, it grew just as trading assets expanded and started regulating forex, swaps, stocks, indices, and commodities.

It changed with the years to what it is now, but it was first called the CFTC in 1974. It included regulation of single stock futures in 2000 when it worked with the Securities and Exchange Commission to cover these markets in the US.

=> How does CFTC work?
It has five commissioners that serve for five years before a new appointment from the president, followed by approval by the senate. Each member stands for different industries such as futures, commodities, environmentalists, and consumers.

It has 13 divisions that serve to implement the task of regulating various industries. The top five of these include the division of:

1. Data
2. Market oversight
3. Clearing and risk
4. Enforcement
5. Market participants

=> What does CFTC regulate?
It regulates the derivative markets traded within the US which include

1. OTC markets or Over the Counter Markets
2. Options
3. Commodities
4. Futures
5. Swaps

It does this through the registration and licensing of contract markets, Options brokers, Swap offering institutions, and other intermediaries dealing with derivatives.

=> Tasks mandated to the CFTC
As per the divisions, their tasks include:

⭐To ensure that all transactions carried out in the financial industry are secure.
They are in charge of derivatives clearing operations like regulations, registrations, and ensuring the guidelines followed by the market according to the commodities exchange acts.

⭐They ensure that they clear, examine and examine risk exposure from local derivatives in the US and overseas.

⭐Examine alerts from outside or inside or inside attacking operating systems threatening the integrity of clearance operations.

⭐CFTC monitors traders, dealers, investors, and businesses registered under them.
They ensure that market participants provide services
according to the industry standards and offer guidance about the rules they require to follow as per CFTC.

⭐They also create awareness among traders about the derivatives markets and what they have to follow when trading.

⭐They devise changes and present policies to accommodate the changes in the derivatives markets. They also ensure that the changes implemented are relevant.
They review new derivatives before they are introduced in the market to ensure the public is safe from any scams.

⭐It identifies information about changes in derivatives markets and compiles it with existing data to allow the committee to keep up with changes and create more regulating policies if necessary. They consult with market participants and the committee to create fair laws regarding derivatives in the financial markets.

⭐They ensure that the derivatives markets are transparent and integrity applies in the various financial markets and the confidentiality of traders/investors’ data.

⭐They investigate claims of manipulation, underperforming trading software, transactional issues, trading malpractices, and violations of rules and guidelines.
Those market participants found guilty of these malpractices face prosecution, and their services get banned in the country or punishments as per the commodities exchange act.

⭐It ensures that the derivatives traded to comply with the derivatives clearance regulations by monitoring and assessing once a year.

⭐It ensures that the derivative markets traded in the US are stable through reports and data processing of live prices and market conditions.

=> Advantages of regulation from CFTC

It is a tier-one regulatory institution that makes the broker or facility with a license from CFTC has reliability in the trading industry.
It allows traders or market participants to get industry standard services and products from strict guidelines.
It reduces cases of scams and manipulative practices within the US derivatives markets. Providing a conducive and fair environment for trading.
It offers civil education about the derivatives market ensuring traders have the knowledge they deserve when trading derivatives markets.
It regulates the derivatives markets and reduces the exposure to risks by banning certain trading practices.

=> Conclusion
CFTC is a regulatory commission with the mandate to ensure that the derivatives markets are fair and that integrity gets implemented for all market participants. Although it has strict rules and guidelines to follow, they have made the US futures and Options markets the safest.

It, therefore, calls for other regulatory institutions to follow the same steps to ensure that they get rid of several scams still existing in the market. CFTC has been in the industry for some time, showing it is credible.

It is a leading regulatory institution in the US, and traders should ensure that the options or derivatives dealer is regulated to be safe.

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